Chickasaw Nation, Indian Territory |
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History After the American Revolutionary War and the west ward migration of white settlers, the lands of the Chickasaws became prime targets for westward expansion. When the American government acquired those lands west of the Mississippi River in the Louisiana Purchase, a program was began by the United States to "remove" the Chickasaws and other eastern tribes to the west. After much physical, economic and legal trickery, the Chickasaws finally capitulated in 1832 to signing a removal Treaty with the United States, this Treaty was re-negotiated in 1834. One of the principle clauses in the Treaty was that the Chickasaws were not to be required to "remove" until a suitable land had been located west of the Mississippi in the new Indian Territory. As not suitable land could be found which had not already been given to another tribe, the Chickasaws were pressured into leasing a portion of the newly removed Choctaw lands in Indian Territory. This was done under the Treaty of 1837. One of the disadvantages of this Treaty, was that for all practical purposes, the Chickasaws lost their identity as a separate nation and became Choctaws. They were to have representative on the Choctaw Council, but soon found themselves in the minority. There was much dissension among both the Choctaws and the Chickasaws over this arrangement. Efforts were begun almost immediately after the 1837 Treaty was signed to purchase outright their lands from the Choctaws. This effort came to fruition in the Treaty of 1855, and the Chickasaws had their own nation once again. This period lasted until 1907, when the Indian Territory was combined with Oklahoma Territory to form the present State of Oklahoma. It was the belief and intentions of the United States Government that this act of statehood would be end of the Chickasaw Nation, and that all Chickasaws would be assimilated into the American population. From 1907 to about 1983, the Chickasaw Nation essentially did not exist. There were some unofficial organizations of those of Chickasaw descent, but little more. In the Chickasaw constitution of 1856, the Chickasaws had changed from having a "Chief" as head of the tribe to having an elected "Governor." Because, not all the business of the Chickasaw Nation had been completed, essentially business dealing with claims against the U.S. and the settlement of land issues, the President continued the office of Governor of the Chickasaws by Presidential appointment. This was the "Limbo Period" of the Chickasaw Nation.
Treaties with the Chickasaws
Indian
Affairs: Laws and Treaties. The Constitution Of the Chickasaw Nation As Amended June 22, 1990
Chickasaw Nation Capitol Timeline
1818 Chickasaw Census Roll (partial) 1839 Chickasaw Census Indian Territory Freedman Surnames - Black Chickasaws 1889 Chickasaw Incompetent Fund Cases Chickasaw Council Senate and House 1890
Chickasaw Nation Marriage Index Texas Band of Chickasaw and Choctaw
In the 70's a nation wide movement of Indian activists and Indian rights began. The Chickasaws began to reawaken. This finally culminated with respect to the Chickasaws in about 1983 when a new recognition was made of the Chickasaw Nation and a new Constitution of the Chickasaw Nation was adopted. The Chickasaw Nation was once again reborn.
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