The Treaty of Greenville
August 3, 1795
A treaty of peace between the United States of America, and the
tribes of Indians called the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawanees, Ottawas,
Chippewas, Pattawatimas, Miamis, Eel Rivers, Weas, Kickapoos, Piankeshaws,
and Kaskaskias.
To put an end to a destructive war, to settle all
controversies, and to restore harmony and friendly intercourse between the
said United States and Indian tribes, Anthony Wayne, major general
commanding the army of the United States, and sole commissioner for the good
purposes above mentioned, and the said tribes of Indians, by their sachems,
chiefs, and warriors, met together at Greenville, the head quarters of the
said army, have agreed on the following articles, which, when ratified by
the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate of the United
States, shall be binding on them and the said Indian tribes.
Article 1
Henceforth all hostilities shall cease; peace is
hereby established, and shall be perpetual; and a friendly intercourse shall
take place between the said United States and Indian tribes.
Article 2
All prisoners shall, on both sides, be restored.
The Indians, prisoners to the United States, shall be immediately set at
liberty. The people of the United States, still remaining prisoners among
the Indians, shall be delivered up in ninety days from the date hereof, to
the general or commanding officer at Greenville, fort Wayne, or fort
Defiance; and ten chiefs of the said tribes shall remain at Greenville as
hostages, until the delivery of the prisoners shall be effected.
Article 3
The general boundary line between the lands of the
United States and the lands of the said Indian tribes, shall begin at the
mouth of Cayahoga river, and run thence up the same to the portage, between
that and the Tuscarawas branch of the Muskingum, thence down that branch to
the crossing place above fort Lawrence, thence westerly to a fork of that
branch of the Great Miami river, running into the Ohio, at or near which
fork stood Loromie's store, and where commences the portage between the
Miami of the Ohio, and St. Mary's river, which is a branch of the Miami
which runs into lake Erie; thence a westerly course to fort Recovery, which
stands on a branch of the Wabash; thence southwesterly in a direct line to
the Ohio, so as to intersect that river opposite the mouth of Kentucke or
Cuttawa river. And in consideration of the peace now established; of the
goods formerly received from the United States; of those now to be
delivered; and of the yearly delivery of goods now stipulated to be made
hereafter; and to indemnify the United States for the injuries and expenses
they have sustained during the war, the said Indian tribes do hereby cede
and relinquish forever, all their claims to the lands lying eastwardly and
southwardly of the general boundary line now described: and these lands, or
any part of them, shall never hereafter be made a cause or pretence, on the
part of the said tribes, or any of them, of war or injury to the United
States, or any of the people thereof.
And for the same considerations, and as an evidence of the
returning friendship of the said Indian tribes, of their confidence in the
United States, and desire to provide for their accommodations, and for that
convenient intercourse which will be beneficial to both parties, the said
Indian tribes do also cede to the United States the following pieces of
land, to wit:
- 1) One piece of land six miles square, at or near Loromie's store,
before mentioned.
- 2) One piece two miles square, at the head of the navigable water or
landing, on the St. Mary's river, near Girty's town.
- 3) One piece six miles square, at the head of the navigable water of
the Auglaize river.
- 4) One piece six miles square, at the confluence of the Auglaize and
Miami rivers, where fort Defiance now stands.
- 5) One piece six miles square, at or near the confluence of the
rivers St. Mary's and St. Joseph's, where fort Wayne now stands, or near
it.
- 6) One piece two miles square, on the Wabash river, at the end of
the portage from the Miami of the lake, and about eight miles westward
from fort Wayne.
- 7) One piece six miles square, at the Ouatanon, or Old Wea towns, on
the Wabash river.
- 8) One piece twelve miles square, at the British fort on the Miami
of the lake, at the foot of the rapids.
- 9) One piece six miles square, at the mouth of the said river, where
it empties into the lake.
- 10) One piece six miles square, upon Sandusky lake, where a fort
formerly stood.
- 11) One piece two miles square, at the lower rapids of Sandusky
river.
- 12) The post of Detroit, and all the land to the north, the west and
the south of it, of which the Indian title has been extinguished by
gifts or grants to the French or English governments: and so much more
land to be annexed to the district of Detroit, as shall be comprehended
between the river Rosine, on the south, lake St. Clair on the north, and
a line, the general course whereof shall be six miles distant from the
west end of lake Erie and Detroit river.
- 13) The post of Michilimackinac, and all the land on the island on
which that post stands, and the main land adjacent, of which the Indian
title has been extinguished by gifts or grants to the Frewnch or English
governments; and a piece of land on the main to the north of the island,
to measure six miles, on lake Huron, or the strait between lakes Huron
and Michigan, and to extend three miles back from the water of the lake
or strait; and also, the Island De Bois Blane, being an extra and
voluntary gift of the Chippewa nation.
- 14) One piece of land six miles square, at the mouth of Chikago
river, emptying into the southwest end of lake Michigan, where a fort
formerly stood.
- 15) One piece twelve miles square, at or near the mouth of the
Illinois river, emptying into the Mississippi.
- 16) One piece six miles square, at the old Piorias fort and village
near the south end of the Illinois lake, on said Illinois river. And
whenever the United States shall think proper to survey and mark the
boundaries of the lands hereby ceded to them, they shall give timely
notice thereof to the said tribes of Indians, that they may appoint some
of their wise chiefs to attend and see that the lines are run according
to the terms of this treaty.
And the said Indian tribes will allow to the people of the
United States a free passage by land and by water, as one and the other
shall be found convenient, through their country, along the chain of posts
hereinbefore mentioned; that is to say, from the commencement of the portage
aforesaid, at or near Loromie's store, thence along said portage to the St.
Mary's, and down the same to fort Wayne, and then down the Miami, to lake
Erie; again, from the commencement of the portage at or near Loromie's store
along the portage from thence to the river Auglaize, and down the same to
its junction with the Miami at fort Defiance; again, from the commencement
of the portage aforesaid, to Sandusky river, and down the same to Sandusky
bay and lake Erie, and from Sandusky to the post which shall be taken at or
near the foot of the Rapids of the Miami of the lake; and from thence to
Detroit. Again, from the mouth of Chikago, to the commencement of the
portage, between that river and the Illinois, and down the Illinois river to
the Mississippi; also, from fort Wayne, along the portage aforesaid, which
leads to the Wabash, and then down the Wabash to the Ohio. And the said
Indian tribes will also allow to the people of the United States, the free
use of the harbors and mouths of rivers along the lakes adjoining the Indian
lands, for sheltering vessels and boats, and liberty to land their cargoes
where necessary for their safety.
Article 4
In consideration of the peace now established, and
of the cessions and relinquishments of lands made in the preceding article
by the said tribes of Indians, and to manifest the liberality of the United
States, as the great means of rendering this peace strong and perpetual, the
United States relinquish their claims to all other Indian lands northward of
the river Ohio, eastward of the Mississippi, and westward and southward of
the Great Lakes and the waters, uniting them, according to the boundary line
agreed on by the United States and the King of Great Britain, in the treaty
of peace made between them in the year 1783. But from this relinquishment by
the United States, the following tracts of land are explicitly excepted:
1st. The tract on one hundred and fifty thousand acres near the
rapids of the river Ohio, which has been assigned to General Clark, for the
use of himself and his warriors.
2nd. The post of St. Vincennes, on the River Wabash, and the
lands adjacent, of which the Indian title has been extinguished.
3rd. The lands at all other places in possession of the French
people and other white settlers among them, of which the Indian title has
been extinguished as mentioned in the 3d article; and
4th. The post of fort Massac towards the mouth of the Ohio. To
which several parcels of land so excepted, the said tribes relinquish all
the title and claim which they or any of them may have.
And for the same considerations and with the same views as
above mentioned, the United States now deliver to the said Indian tribes a
quantity of goods to the value of twenty thousand dollars, the receipt
whereof they do hereby acknowledge; and henceforward every year, forever,
the United States will deliver, at some convenient place northward of the
river Ohio, like useful goods, suited to the circumstances of the Indians,
of the value of nine thousand five hundred dollars; reckoning that value at
the first cost of the goods in the city or place in the United States where
they shall be procured. The tribes to which those goods are to be annually
delivered, and the proportions in which they are to be delivered, are the
following:
1st. To the Wyandots, the amount of one thousand dollars.
2nd. To the Delawares, the amount of one thousand dollars.
3rd. To the Shawanees, the amount of one thousand dollars.
4th. To the Miamis, the amount of one thousand dollars.
5th. To the Ottawas, the amount of one thousand dollars.
6th. To the Chippewas, the amount of one thousand dollars.
7th. To the Pattawatimas, the amount of one thousand dollars, and
8th. To the Kickapoo, Wea, Eel River, Piankeshaw, and Kaskaskia
tribes, the amount of five hundred dollars each.
Provided, that if either of the said tribes shall hereafter, at
an annual delivery of their share of the goods aforesaid, desire that a part
of their annuity should be furnished in domestic animals, implements of
husbandry, and other utensils convenient for them, and in compensation to
useful artificers who may reside with or near them, and be employed for
their benefit, the same shall, at the subsequent annual deliveries, be
furnished accordingly.
Article 5
To prevent any misunderstanding about the Indian
lands relinquished by the United States in the fourth article, it is now
explicitly declared, that the meaning of that relinquishment is this: the
Indian tribes who have a right to those lands, are quietly to enjoy them,
hunting, planting, and dwelling thereon, so long as they please, without any
molestation from the United States; but when those tribes, or any of them,
shall be disposed to sell their lands, or any part of them, they are to be
sold only to the United States; and until such sale, the United States will
protect all the said Indian tribes in the quiet enjoyment of their lands
against all citizens of the United States, and against all other white
persons who intrude upon the same. And the said Indian tribes again
acknowledge themselves to be under the protection of the said United States,
and no other power whatever.
Article 6
If any citizen of the United States, or any other
white person or persons, shall presume to settle upon the lands now
relinquished by the United States, such citizen or other person shall be out
of the protection of the United States; and the Indian tribe, on whose land
the settlement shall be made, may drive off the settler, or punish him in
such manner as they shall think fit; and because such settlements, made
without the consent of the United States, will be injurious to them as well
as to the Indians, the United States shall be at liberty to break them up,
and remove and punish the settlers as they shall think proper, and so effect
that protection of the Indian lands herein before stipulated.
Article 7
The said tribes of Indians, parties to this treaty,
shall be at liberty to hunt within the territory and lands which they have
now ceded to the United States, without hindrance or molestation, so long as
they demean themselves peaceably, and offer no injury to the people of the
United States.
Article 8
Trade shall be opened with the said Indian tribes;
and they do hereby respectively engage to afford protection to such persons,
with their property, as shall be duly licensed to reside among them for the
purpose of trade; and to their agents and servants; but no person shall be
permitted to reside among them for the purpose of trade; and to their agents
and servants; but no person shall be permitted to reside at any of their
towns or hunting camps, as a trader, who is not furnished with a license for
that purpose, under the hand and seal of the superintendent of the
department northwest of the Ohio, or such other person as the President of
the United States shall authorize to grant such licenses; to the end, that
the said Indians may not be imposed on in their trade.* And if any licensed
trader shall abuse his privilege by unfair dealing, upon complaint and proof
thereof, his license shall be taken from him, and he shall be further
punished according to the laws of the United States. And if any person shall
intrude himself as a trader, without such license, the said Indians shall
take and bring him before the superintendent, or his deputy, to be dealt
with according to law. And to prevent impositions by forged licenses, the
said Indians shall, at lease once a year, give information to the
superintendent, or his deputies, on the names of the traders residing among
them.
Article 9
Lest the firm peace and friendship now established,
should be interrupted by the misconduct of individuals, the United States,
and the said Indian tribes agree, that for injuries done by individuals on
either side, no private revenge or retaliation shall take place; but instead
thereof, complaint shall be made by the party injured, to the other: by the
said Indian tribes or any of them, to the President of the United States, or
the superintendent by him appointed; and by the superintendent or other
person appointed by the President, to the principal chiefs of the said
Indian tribes, or of the tribe to which the offender belongs; and such
prudent measures shall then be taken as shall be necessary to preserve the
said peace and friendship unbroken, until the legislature (or great council)
of the United States, shall make other equitable provision in the case, to
the satisfaction of both parties. Should any Indian tribes meditate a war
against the United States, or either of them, and the same shall come to the
knowledge of the before mentioned tribes, or either of them, they do hereby
engage to give immediate notice thereof to the general, or officer
commanding the troops of the United States, at the nearest post.
*See, in relation to this licensed trade, the "first
explanatory article" of the treaty of amity, commerce, and navigation,
between the United States and Great Britain, of the 19th of November, 1974.
And should any tribe, with hostile intentions against the
United States, or either of them, attempt to pass through their country,
they will endeavor to prevent the same, and in like manner give information
of such attempt, to the general, or officer commanding, as soon as possible,
that all causes of mistrust and suspicion may be avoided between them and
the United States. In like manner, the United States shall give notice to
the said Indian tribes of any harm that may be meditated against them, or
either of them, that shall come to their knowledge; and do all in their
power to hinder and prevent the same, that the friendship between them may
be uninterrupted.
Article 10
All other treaties heretofore made between the
United States, and the said Indian tribes, or any of them, since the treaty
of 1783, between the United States and Great Britain, that come within the
purview of this treaty, shall henceforth cease and become void.
In testimony whereof, the said Anthony Wayne, and the sachems
and war chiefs of the before mentioned nations and tribes of Indians, have
hereunto set their hands and affixed their seals.
Done at Greenville, in the territory of the United States
northwest of the river Ohio, on the third day of August, one thousand seven
hundred and ninety five.
Wyandots
- Tarhe, or Crane, his x mark L.S.
- J. Williams, jun. his x mark, L.S.
- Teyyaghtaw, his x mark, L.S.
- Haroenyou, or half king's son, his x mark, L.S.
- Tehaawtorens, his x mark, L.S.
- Awmeyeeray, his x mark, L.S.
- Stayetah, his x mark L.S.
- Shateyyaronyah, or Leather Lips, his x mark, L.S.
- Daughshuttayah, his x mark L.S.
- Shaawrunthe, his x mark L.S.
Delawares
- Tetabokshke, or Grand Glaize King, his x mark, L.S.
- Lemantanquis, or Black King, his x mark, L.S.
- Wabatthoe, his x mark, L.S.
- Maghpiway, or Red Feather, his x mark, L.S.
- Kikthawenund, or Anderson, his x mark, L.S.
- Bukongehelas, his x mark, L.S.
- Peekeelund, his x mark, L.S.
- Wellebawkeelund, his x mark, L.S.
- Peekeetelemund, or Thomas Adams, his x mark, L.S.
- Kishkopekund, or Captain Buffalo, his x mark, L.S.
- Amenahehan, or Captain Crow, his x mark, L.S.
- Queshawksey, or George Washington, his x mark, L.S.
- Weywinquis, or Billy Siscomb, his x mark, L.S.
- Moses, his x mark, L.S.
Shawanees
- Misquacoonacaw, or Red Pole, his x mark, L.S.
- Cutthewekasaw, or Black Hoof, his x mark, L.S.
- Kaysewaesekah, his x mark, L.S.
- Weythapamattha, his x mark, L.S.
- Nianysmeka, his x mark, L.S.
- Waytheah, or Long Shanks, his x mark, L.S.
- Weyapiersenwaw, or Blue Jacket, his x mark, L.S.
- Nequetaughaw, his x mark, L.S.
- Hahgoosekaw, or Captain Reed, his x mark, L.S.
Ottawas
- Augooshaway, his x mark, L.S.
- Keenoshameek, his x mark, L.S.
- La Malice, his x mark, L.S.
- Machiwetah, his x mark, L.S.
- Thowonawa, his x mark, L.S.
- Secaw, his x mark, L.S.
Chippewas
- Mashipinashiwish, or Bad Bird, his x mark, L.S.
- Nahshogashe, (from Lake Superior), his x mark, L.S.
- Kathawasung, his x mark, L.S.
- Masass, his x mark, L.S.
- Nemekass, or Little Thunder, his x mark, L.S.
- Peshawkay, or Young Ox, his x mark, L.S.
- Nanguey, his x mark, L.S.
- Meenedohgeesogh, his x mark, L.S.
- Peewanshemenogh, his x mark, L.S.
- Weymegwas, his x mark, L.S.
- Gobmaatick, his x mark, L.S.
Ottawa
- Chegonickska, an Ottawa from Sandusky, his x mark, L.S.
Pattawatimas
- Thupenebu, his x mark, L.S.
- Nawac, for himself and brother Etsimethe, his x mark, L.S.
- Nenanseka, his x mark, L.S.
- Keesass, or Run, his x mark, L.S.
- Kabamasaw, for himself and brother Chisaugan, his x mark, L.S.
- Sugganunk, his x mark, L.S.
- Wapmeme, or White Pigeon, his x mark, L.S.
- Wacheness, for himself and brother Pedagoshok, his x mark, L.S.
- Wabshicawnaw, his x mark, L.S.
- La Chasse, his x mark, L.S.
- Meshegethenogh, for himself and brother, Wawasek, his x mark, L.S.
- Hingoswash, his x mark, L.S.
- Anewasaw, his x mark, L.S.
- Nawbudgh, his x mark, L.S.
- Missenogomaw, his x mark, L.S.
- Waweegshe, his x mark, L.S.
- Thawme, or Le Blanc, his x mark, L.S.
- Geeque, for himself and brother Shewinse, his x mark, L.S.
Pattawatimas of Huron
- Okia, his x mark, L.S.
- Chamung, his x mark, L.S.
- Segagewan, his x mark, L.S.
- Nanawme, for himself and brother A. Gin, his x mark, L.S.
- Marchand, his x mark, L.S.
- Wenameac, his x mark, L.S.
Miamis
- Nagohquangogh, or Le Gris, his x mark, L.S.
- Meshekunnoghquoh, or Little Turtle, his x mark, L.S.
Miamis and Eel Rivers
- Peejeewa, or Richard Ville, his x mark, L.S.
- Cochkepoghtogh, his x mark, L.S.
Eel River Tribe
- Shamekunnesa, or Soldier, his x mark, L.S.
Miamis
- Wapamangwa, or the White Loon, his x mark, L.S.
Weas, for themselves & the Piankeshaws
- Amacunsa, or Little Beaver, his x mark, L.S.
- Acoolatha, or Little Fox, his x mark, L.S.
- Francis, his x mark, L.S.
Kickapoos and Kaskaskias
- Keeawhah, his x mark, L.S.
- Nemighka, or Josey Renard, his x mark, L.S.
- Paikeekanogh, his x mark, L.S.
Delawares of Sandusky
- Hawkinpumiska, his x mark, L.S.
- Peyamawksey, his x mark, L.S.
- Reyntueco, (of the Six Nations, living at Sandusky), his x mark, L.S.
H. De Butts, first A.D.C. and Sec'ry to Major Gen. Wayne,
Wm. H. Harrison, Aid de Camp to Major Gen. Wayne,
T. Lewis, Aid de Camp to Major Gen. Wayne,
James O'Hara, Quartermaster Gen'l.
John Mills, Major of Infantry, and Adj. Gen'l. Caleb Swan, P.M.T.U.S.
Gen. Demter, Lieut. Artillery,
Vigo,
P. Frs. La Fontaine,
Ast. Lasselle,
Sworn interpret
ers. H. Lasselle,
Wm. We
lls, Js. Beau Bien,
Jacques Lasse
lle, David Jones, Chaplain U.S.S.
M. Morins,
Lewis Beaufait,
Bt. Sans Crainte,
R. Lachambre,
Christopher Miller,
Jas. Pepen,
Robert Wilson,
Baties Coutien,
Abraham Williams, his x mark
P. Navarre.
Isaac Zane, his x mark
NOTE: April 2002 this page was within the original Quapaw
ITGenWeb directory. No source for the information was documented.